After several months of authorities halting supplies to miners working illegally in an abandoned gold mine in South Africa, rescuers brought numerous bodies and weak survivors to safety on Tuesday. There are still believed to be hundreds more underground, with many presumed dead and others unable to come out due to their weakened state.
Using a red cage-like device lowered thousands of feet underground, at least 60 bodies and 92 survivors were extracted from one of South Africa’s deepest mines since Monday, according to the police. Despite this rescue operation, the exact number of miners still trapped remains unknown, but authorities estimate it to be in the hundreds. Additionally, a separate community-led rescue mission managed to bring out nine bodies on Friday, as reported by a group representing the miners.
The mine has been a site of tension involving police, miners, and members of the local community ever since authorities initiated an operation in November to expel the miners by cutting off their access to food and water from the surface. During that period, a government minister stated the intention was to “smoke them out,” emphasizing that no assistance would be provided to the miners as they were considered “criminals.”
But that tactic has been fiercely criticized by civic groups and the community, and the South African government is under scrutiny for the way it has dealt with the issue at the Buffelsfontein Gold Mine, where more than 100 miners are believed to have died underground of starvation or dehydration, according to the group representing them.
Rescue workers assist an illegal miner who has been trapped deep in an abandoned gold mine for months, in Stilfontein, South Africa, Tuesday, Jan. 14, 2025. (AP Photo/Themba Hadebe)
Authorities, who removed the ropes and pulley system miners used to enter and to lower supplies, say the survivors are able to come out but refuse to because of fear of arrest. That has been disputed by the civic groups, which won a court case to force authorities to allow food, water and medicine to be sent down to the miners. But they say the supplies aren’t enough and many of the miners are dying of starvation and unable to climb out because the shaft is too steep.
Residents desperately waiting for news of family members gathered at the mine Tuesday near the town of Stilfontein, southwest of Johannesburg, some holding placards criticizing authorities for their response. One sign said there had been a “Sacrifice at Stilfontein” while some handcuffed survivors were led away in a line by police.
The community organized its own rescue operation on Friday before the official effort by authorities began Monday. They say a proper rescue operation should have been launched months ago.
“We are happy that this operation is happening, even though we believe that if it was done earlier, we wouldn’t even have one dead person,” said Mzukisi Jam, the regional chairperson of the South African National Civics Organization, an umbrella for civic and rights groups.
Authorities have grappled with informal mining for years
Illegal mining is common in parts of gold-rich South Africa where companies close down mines that are no longer profitable, leaving groups of informal miners to enter them illegally in a search for leftover deposits.
Large groups of miners often go underground for months to maximize their profits, taking food, water, generators and other equipment with them, but also relying on others in their group on the surface to send down more supplies.
Mineral Resources Minister Gwede Mantashe visited the site Tuesday and said that more than 1,500 miners who resurfaced from the Buffelsfontein mine have been arrested since authorities began a larger crackdown on illegal mining in late 2023. He said the vast majority were foreign nationals from neighboring countries.
Police have also doubled down on their assertion that the miners who are still underground aren’t coming out because they are afraid of being arrested.
Activists said the only way out is for miners to make a dangerous trek to another shaft, which can take days, and crawl out there, but many are too weak or ill to climb out. The mine is 2.5 kilometers (1.5 miles) deep with multiple shafts, many levels and a maze of tunnels. The group representing the miners said there are numerous groups in various parts of the mine.
“The last time I spoke to my brother was in July, when he told us that he is going underground,” said Zinzi Tom, a sister of one of the miners who remained underground. “We had not heard anything from him, but yesterday one of the miners who surfaced said he saw him about two weeks ago. Apparently he is very sick and he is struggling to survive.”
Cellphone videos emerge from underground
The Mining Affected Communities United in Action group, which took authorities to court in December to force them to allow supplies to be sent down to the miners, released two cellphone videos that they said were from underground and showed dozens of dead bodies of miners wrapped in plastic. A spokesman for the group said “a minimum” of 100 miners had died.
The cellphone videos purportedly from the depths of the mine are filmed by a man who can be heard saying, “This is hunger. People are dying because of hunger,” as he records emaciated-looking men sitting on the damp floor of the mine. He adds: “Please help us. Bring us food or take us out.”
The rescue operation will go on for 10 days and authorities would then reassess, Police Minister Senzo Mchunu said. Police also said that the survivors who had been brought to the surface will be arrested and charged with illegal mining and trespassing after receiving medical attention.
Authorities made clear their approach when South African Cabinet Minister Khumbudzo Ntshavheni told reporters in November that the government would not help the miners, who they consider criminals.
“We are not sending help to criminals,” she said. “We are going to smoke them out. They will come out.”
She added: “Criminals are not to be helped. Criminals are to be persecuted.”
