Congo cuts off relations with Rwanda as rebels approach Goma, forcing displacement of thousands

Congo cut off diplomatic relations with Rwanda amidst ongoing fighting between Rwanda-supported rebels and government troops near the important eastern city of Goma. The clashes resulted in the deaths of at least 13 peacekeepers and foreign soldiers, and forced thousands of civilians to flee.

The M23 rebel group has been gaining ground near the Rwandan border, encroaching on Goma. The city, home to approximately 2 million people, serves as a pivotal regional center for security and humanitarian operations.

Accusations from Congo, the United States, and U.N. experts point to Rwanda’s support for M23. The rebel group mainly consists of Tutsi ethnic members who defected from the Congolese army over ten years ago. In a region abundant in minerals, the conflict involving M23 is just one of many among around 100 armed groups vying for control, fueling one of the world’s most severe humanitarian crises.

Rwanda’s government denies backing the rebels, but last year acknowledged that it has troops and missile systems in eastern Congo to safeguard its security, pointing to a buildup of Congolese forces near the border. U.N. experts estimate there are up to 4,000 Rwandan forces in Congo.

The Congolese Foreign ministry said late Saturday it was severing diplomatic ties with Rwanda and pulling out all diplomatic staff from the country “with immediate effect.” Rwanda did not comment immediately.

The U.N. Security Council moved up an emergency meeting on the escalating violence in eastern Congo to Sunday. Congo requested the meeting, which had originally been scheduled for Monday.

On Sunday morning, heavy gunfire resonated across Goma, just a few kilometers (miles) from the front line, while scores of displaced children and adults fled the camps at the city’s outskirts and marched toward the city center.

Earlier in the week, the rebels seized Sake, 27 kilometers (16 miles) from Goma, as concerns mounted that the city could soon fall.

Congo’s army said Saturday it fended off an M23 offensive with the help of allied forces, including U.N. troops and soldiers from the Southern African Development Community Mission, also known as SAMIDRC.

Two South African peacekeepers were killed Friday, while a Uruguayan soldier was killed Saturday, a U.N. official told The Associated Press on condition of anonymity because they weren’t authorized to speak on the matter publicly.

Additionally, three Malawian peacekeepers were killed in eastern Congo, the United Nations in Malawi said Saturday.

Seven South African soldiers from the SAMIDRC were also killed during clashes with M23 over the last two days, South Africa’s Defense Department said.

Since 2021, Congo’s government and allied forces, including SAMIDRC and U.N. troops, have been keeping M23 away from Goma.

The U.N peacekeeping force, also known as MONUSCO, entered Congo more than two decades ago and has around 14,000 peacekeepers on the ground.