Donald Trump enjoys grand events, and delivering a speech to a joint session of Congress is truly remarkable. The House chamber is filled with lawmakers, and the president’s entrance is announced loudly by the sergeant-at-arms, sparking enthusiastic applause.
Although Trump’s speech on Tuesday evening isn’t officially labeled as a State of the Union address – that’s planned for the following year when he has more experience in office – viewers at home would hardly notice any distinction.
Almost no detail is left to chance in these situations. Here’s an idea of what to look and listen for:
Where is Elon Musk?
Typically, the most influential figures in American government are present on the elevated platform during such occasions. While the president speaks to the nation, the House speaker and the vice president, who also serves as the Senate’s symbolic leader, are seated behind him.
However, they’ve been largely overshadowed by Elon Musk, the billionaire entrepreneur overseeing the Department of Government Efficiency and serving as a top adviser to Trump. There’s no precedent for Musk’s operation, which has burrowed into federal agencies, led to thousands of firings and counting, and rewired how Washington works.
Special guests at presidential speeches often sit above the chamber in the gallery. Will Musk, the world’s richest person, be there – or somewhere else?
What does Trump say about Ukraine?
It’s been only a few days since the most dramatic encounter in the Oval Office in recent memory. Trump welcomed Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy to solidify a partnership involving critical minerals, only for a deal to fall apart after Trump and Vice President JD Vance laced into Zelenskyy over a perceived lack of respect.
Now the future of U.S. support for Ukraine, which has been fending off a Russian invasion for three years, is increasingly in doubt. “You either make a deal or we are out,” Trump told Zelenskyy.
Will Russia try to press its advantage on the battlefield? Does Zelenskyy patch things up with Trump? Will fragile U.S. relationships with European allies deteriorate further?
There are no clear answers right now. But Tuesday’s speech will be a high-profile opportunity for Trump, a Republican, to explain his vision for the war and his approach to foreign policy.
How do lawmakers behave?
Presidential speeches to Congress have become rowdier affairs. Rep. Joe Wilson, a South Carolina Republican, famously shouted “You lie!” at President Barack Obama’s address to Congress in 2009, and decorum hasn’t improved much since then.
President Joe Biden got into his own back-and-forth with Republicans, and Trump is known for deviating from his script with attempts to stir outrage among his opponents.
How will Democrats respond? Sometimes their protests have been quiet, such as when women wore white, the color of the suffragette movement, to previous events. But at a time when Democratic voters have been eager for their representatives to be more aggressive, it’s possible that they become more vocal.
Reaction from Republicans is more predictable. Expect them to try to outdo one another with their embrace of the president.
Does Trump spell out a legislative plan?
Trump has demonstrated his desire to push the limits of presidential power during his second term in office, but there are some things that he still needs congressional help to accomplish.
The president wants spending cuts, border security funding and tax cuts – a politically sensitive combination at a time when Republicans have only slim majorities in the House and the Senate. The party will need almost complete unanimity to move forward.
So far, Trump has followed his typical approach of playing one side off against the other, sometimes endorsing the House plan for one massive piece of legislation and sometimes supporting the Senate strategy of breaking the proposals into multiple bills.
Don’t expect a lot of details from the president – that’s not something that usually happens in speeches like this, regardless of who occupies the Oval Office. But Trump could reveal more about his goals or prod lawmakers to work faster. Given the power that Trump has over the party, any remark could reshape the debate.
Which version of Trump shows up?
The president is in his element when he’s delivering freewheeling remarks, bouncing from topic to topic in what he likes to call “the weave.”
But that’s not usually how these kinds of speeches go. They’re often carefully scripted, the kind of monologue that Trump might label “BORING” in a post on Truth Social if he were watching it on television.
How long will Trump stick to the teleprompter this time? And how much does he veer off track?
A hint could be Trump’s speech at the Republican National Convention last summer, when he accepted the party’s presidential nomination. He started off subdued, even somber, as he shared the story of his assassination attempt in Butler, Pennsylvania.
But the appeal for national unity eventually gave way to a flood of grievances more typical of Trump’s stump speeches.
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