Melbourne Royal Exhibition Building restoration essential to our history and 19th century exhibition buildings

When the Parliament of Australia met in the Great Hall of the Royal Exhibition Building on May 9, 2001 to celebrate the inauguration of federal parliament opening there 100 years earlier to the day, 7500 invited guests saw a building magnificently restored.

But for the distance of time, technology and fashion, the scene was almost the same as that which greeted the 12,000 people who came to see the Duke of York proclaim Australia’s first parliament open.

In 2001, they came to see a building once threatened with demolition – a 1948 Melbourne City Council motion to demolish it failed by a single vote – that stood proudly and as part of a legacy of the city’s great 19th century buildings.

Now, just as it was in 2001 and in 1901, the Royal Exhibition Building is a beautiful, historically important structure to Melbourne and symbolic of the city. It is one of the great exhibition halls of the 19th century. Both the building and the Carlton Gardens, which it inhabits, deserve their UNESCO World Heritage listing. It is arguably as important to Melbourne as the Eiffel Tower – that other “temporary” structure built for the Paris World Fair of 1879 – is to Paris.

Yet today, it sits in a state of serious deterioration. Exterior walls have cracked and are flaking, paint peels from the interior murals, and a number of decorative urns from the parapet have left the building altogether.

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Sitting as it now does across the grand pedestrian plaza that separates it from the Melbourne Museum, the Royal Exhibition Building is a magnificent reminder of the great international exhibition halls that proliferated the world throughout the 1800s, notably those in London, Chicago and Barcelona.

Built for the 1880 Melbourne International Exhibition, the Exhibition Building was, perhaps, the boldest expression of Melbourne’s boom time confidence. When it opened on October 1 of that year, 70,000 people flocked to see the 32,000 exhibits on show from the Australian colonies and 29 other countries. By the time it closed eight months later, more than a million people had wandered through its halls and annexes.

Designed by Joseph Reed, a Cornish-born Melbourne architect, his plan for the main hall was selected over 17 other proposals and seen as eclectic, to say the least. Made of rendered brick and timber, steel and slate, it combined elements from Byzantine, Romanesque, Lombard and Italian Renaissance styles.